The Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Routing Protocols for WSN: A Review

A WSN is a specialized wireless network made up of a large number of sensors and at least one base station. The foremost difference between the WSN and the traditional wireless networks is that sensors are extremely sensitive to energy consumption. Energy saving is the crucial issue in designing the wireless sensor networks[1].. Since the radio transmission and reception consumes a lot of energy, one of the important issues in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within network sensor nodes. In order to maximize the lifetime of sensor nodes, it is preferable to distribute the energy dissipated throughout the wireless sensor network.So it is essential to design effective and energy aware protocols in order to enhance the network lifetime.A WSN can have network structure based or protocol operation based routing protocol .In this paper, a review on network structure based routing protocol in WSNs is carried out.Energy consumption and network life time has been considered as the major issues .